However, it positioned itself as a key player in the negotiations to end apartheid, which began in earnest after the ban was repealed in 1990. The ANC was condemned as a terrorist organisation by the governments of South Africa, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Headquartered in Lusaka, Zambia, the exiled ANC dedicated much of its attention to a campaign of sabotage and guerrilla warfare against the apartheid state, carried out under its military wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe, which was founded in 1961 in partnership with the South African Communist Party (SACP).

During this period, despite periodic attempts to revive its domestic political underground, the ANC was forced into exile by increasing state repression, which saw many of its leaders imprisoned on Robben Island. The ANC was banned by the South African government between April 1960 – shortly after the Sharpeville massacre – and February 1990. To this end, its methods and means of organisation shifted its adoption of the techniques of mass politics, and the swelling of its membership, culminated in the Defiance Campaign of civil disobedience in 1952–53. When the National Party government came to power in 1948, the ANC's central purpose became to oppose the new government's policy of institutionalised apartheid. įounded on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein as the South African Native National Congress, the organisation was formed to agitate, by moderate methods, for the rights of black South Africans. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent national President, has served as President of the ANC since 18 December 2017. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when the first post-apartheid election installed Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa. The African National Congress ( ANC) is a social-democratic political party in South Africa.

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